A Brief History of Development of Marketing Science

A Brief History of Development of Marketing Science - Marketing today, becoming one of the important ideas in modern science, especially economics. If observed carefully, the science of marketing virtually include the most coming back. When the other sciences such as accounting and management has been widespread, marketing is still fragmented in several different studies, such as advertising and sales.

It is inevitable that the development of modern economics also influenced by the cultural development of society, especially technology. Industrial revolution which was pioneered by James Watt with the steam engine invention, has changed the order-oriented agrarian society that had become oriented industrialists. It is characterized by the construction of factories that are no longer driven by humans, but also by the machine, the greater the production capacity and increasing community needs. The industrial revolution also brought an important influence in the development of economics in general. The economic system was oriented such that mercantilist and phisiokrasi, now turn to the capitalist under the banner of Adam Smith's thinking.

Development of marketing thought as science itself was born due to various factors:

1. The existence of Economics as Part of Social Sciences.

Economics inevitably can not escape from its essence as a social science. As a social science fundamental role of economics is to analyze and solve social problems associated with the economic community. This solution can not always be solved in a macro. Solving in micro clearly needed. Individuals either individual or group requires a solution to the problem they are individualized. Solving this of course requires analysis to not just theoretical-mathematical as in economics, but it requires the analysis that really fit with the challenges of space and time and context of the problem at the time.

2. Failure of Basic Sciences Economics.

Basic sciences Economic sciences, especially economics and macro economics micro has deemed a failure to solve and analyze economic problems that occurred. Some basic theory in microeconomics such as the law of demand, marginal satisfaction theory, theory of consumer behavior and so forth, are considered inadequate to explain the complexities of actual economic problems.

3. Development of society and patterns of life times.

Industrial age has made significant changes in the order of community life, which in turn called the modern era. But one should also realize that the development of post-modern society no longer relies on community groups, but the life that is individualized, it became known as the information age. The development of marketing as a science in the second half of the 20th century, also influenced by the futuristic thinker who had forecast the direction of world development towards the information age.

4. The collapse of world communism system.

System of communism which once ruled most parts of the world since World War I and continued in World War II. Politics during the Cold War also reflect the views of a very striking difference between capitalism and communism, which actually originated from the economic problems. More precisely, the philosophical differences in interpretation of the Gospel of Matthew.

With the collapse of world communism system, the world becomes open for economic activity. Countries that had adopted the economic system of command, the switch to learning the market economy system, and who most popular applied science is the science of marketing. Books from various experts in the western world began under and translated into local languages. No exception is also marketing the books, especially books of the world Begawan marketing, Philip Kotler.

Apart from the background of the birth and development of marketing science, we need to know some basic things in the history of marketing. Marketing obviously started from either the exchange activities between private persons, groups and so on. This exchange requires a consensus among pihak2 which exchange it. But the exchange itself can not be termed as the science of marketing. Because the truth is more practical activities purely economic.

Marketing was born as a science instead of science begins with advertising (advertising). marketing was first taught in the classroom by the ED. Jones in 1906 at the University of Michigan and later by Simon Litman at the University of California in that year. Marketing is more then regarded as the science of distribution (mass distribution), and teaching became more widespread in the leading universities in the United States. While viewed from the point of advertising, marketing was first developed in the latter half of the 19th century, through the publication of books related to advertising.

In latter times, marketing is taught by the three main elements, namely advertising, selling and distribution. And then slowly but surely, other elements began to be included in marketing thinking. Among other things, the concept of consumption, market behavior, and so on.

Period Three Marketing.

Marketing to grow as modern science, as is known at this point, forced the experts who participated in them contribute thoughts. Experts are divided into four main groups, namely:

1. Founder of the group are those who gave birth to marketing since the first, which puts the basics of marketing, as already mentioned above, where marketing has 3 main basic elements.

2. Group of academics, among them Philip Kotler, Theodore Levitt, and so forth. This period was marked by the development towards the modernization of marketing thought, and utilization of other sciences that are relevant in the field of marketing, such as social psychology.

3. Consulting group. Their number is quite a lot. Their thinking is not solely on quantitative research, but rather the observations and the observations are subjective. Among them is Jack Trout and Al Ries.

4. Groups of practitioners, are those who had been working in the fields of marketing, has held high positions in the field of marketing in a big company and so on. Their thinking is more oriented to their personal experience during their work. So thinking they are applicable.

This separation is essentially non-permanent, because there are also groups of academics who become consultants, practitioners and others. This separation is intended to understand marketing as a science frame of mind better.

New waves of today's technology, also helped influence the development of the science of marketing. Cutting-edge ideas such as CRM (Customer Relationship Marketing), Presicion Marketing, Marketing on the Internet, is proof that the development of marketing are influenced by developments in technology, especially in the field of information and communication.